E-Business report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

E-Business report - Assignment Example As indicated by the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), the UK gaming industry recorded an exchange near 200m 2005 and is on a persistent tendency. These realities are ideal for the achievement of GameODrome. Being nave, GameODrome needs to contend with a few contenders and demonstrate to the customer that hitting an arrangement with them is simpler and progressively open. The approach of Internet has radically changed ways of life. E-Marketing is the most recent transformation in Internet which permits purchasing products while sitting at the advantage of one's home. Numerous organizations presently give their deals and administrations through web. One should know and comprehend different systems of E-showcasing and their job in advancing an organization. E-Marketing comprises of a few hypothetical models, which give an organization the devices to help the fundamental components of advertising, to be specific value, advancement, item and spot. The significant models are: Shipper Model: This model is normally utilized by dealers, affiliates, distributer and retailers of merchandise and enterprises. It incorporates 24x7 requesting and coordinated custom advertising (embellix, 2000). This would be the most proficient answer for GameODrome, as its primary structure. It gives lists which make it simple for the buyer to pick an item. Sale Model: This model imitates the customary 'offering' model. It executes the offering instruments by introducing merchandise and their worth on the web. For GameODrome, this model would not be a quick planned. Anyway once GameODrome builds up itself in the online business, it can utilize this model to make 'year-end deals' and permit lead firms to sell their merchandise. Maker Model: It is utilized by the makers legitimately to impart to the purchasers about their merchandise and enterprises. Partner Model: In this model an organization turns into an 'offshoot' of another organization to publicize itself or its items and requirements to pay certain sum for utilizing it. This model can function admirably as an optional model for GameODrome. Promoting Model: In this model, an organization utilizes another site to publicize with the utilization of flags. Membership Model: This model is commonly utilized by Online Libraries and Scientific Organizations, where certain sum must be paid as membership charges to see or download any substance offered (commissionjunction.com, nd). Coordinations Model: In this model an organization deals with the calculated exercises of another organization. It is helpful to associations that have a solid toehold and as of now produced adequate income. E-Business Implementation The execution of the

A 550-Mile Journey free essay sample

Remaining on the bluffs toward the apocalypse, the sun sparkling off dabs of freezing sea splash, I will end one excursion and start another. The Spanish seaside city of Finisterre is known as the apocalypse on account of the huge scope of ocean that loosens up from its rough shore. Finisterre, the apocalypse and the last goal on my Camino de Santiago. The Camino is an old journey from the outskirt of France to the Coast of Spain which I found out about in my Spanish class sophomore year. Considering the Camino planted a flash in my heart that has just developed with time. Each spending day carries me closer to the initiation of the 550-mile venture I will one day complete. Nothing would be more satisfying than bowing at the means of the incomparable Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. Bowing in wonder on the stone worn smooth from the stops of endless ages of pioneers, and gazing upward in surprise at its transcending effortlessness. We will compose a custom exposition test on A 550-Mile Journey or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The fulfillment that would originate from realizing I had arrived at the finish of the Camino would be overpowering. In spite of the envisioned gravity of this second, it isn't the consummation of the excursion that I am keen on. The Camino is popular for its transformative capacities and profound importance. I need to meet outsiders and go gaga for them, to become hopelessly enamored with the excellence of humanity that is so regularly corrupted by our feelings of dread of connecting. The explorers that walk the Camino have a special bond that unites them from varying backgrounds, all sides of the Earth. I need to walk the Camino to learn different people’s stories and to assemble remarkable associations with people I may never observe again. I won't walk the Camino to reestablish my confidence in God, however to develop in my confidence known to man, in people and our capacity to change each other’s lives. I need to start the Camino in St. Jean Pied de Port, France, with a shivering in my fingers and toes, with butterflies in my stomach and a grin all over. I need to stroll with a stone in my grasp that I will put underneath the monstrous cross at Cruz de Ferro, alongside the a large number of others that have been set there before mine. Remaining on the little heap of stone pivoted wishes, I’ll be recollecting an instructor who completely changed me. My seventh grade Geography educator, who supported my affection for experience and made me fully aware of the world. Realizing that I’ll have met my objectives and done right by him, I will leave with an a lot lighter heart and a progressively receptive outlook as I proceed with my excursion. I need to climb the incomparable Camino de Santiago to feel the surge of resurrection and fresh starts. For once in my life, I need to be one of the Chris McCandless’ of the world †intense and resolved to transform me. On my Camino, I won't fear venturing out into the world and relinquishing my concerns. I will tidy off my tensions and follow my energy decisively. I need to complete and feel changed by my excursion. Sometime in the not so distant future, I will be remaining in an air terminal with a ticket in my grasp, getting onto a plane to Europe. Sometime in the not so distant future, I will feel the virus fog of the sea at Finesterre, the fulfillment of bowing at Santiago de Compostela, and the stones at Cruz de Ferro moving underneath my boots. The tingling sensation in my feet at St. Jean Pied de Port will help me to remember my expectation of another life, and I will start my 550-mile venture with a solitary advance.

Schools in

School’s… in Today was the first day of academic year 2005-2006 at old Tech! (I dont know why that deserved an exclamation point. Probably because I dont have any problem sets due until next Friday.) My entry spent most of this afternoon and evening sitting around the lounge, eating pizza, watching DVDs, and generally bemoaning the fact that school has, in fact, begun. Some of the freshmen even started doing problem sets. Theyre so precious. The upperclassmen started a pool about when theyd start to put off the problem sets until the night before theyre due; the general consensus is that this behavior will begin at least by the two-day student holiday in October. To celebrate the years start (and because Im lazy), I took an informal survey of people sitting around the lounge to see what classes theyre most excited about taking this term. Mark Dog B. 07: 24.02, Moral Problems and the Good Life. Mark claims he wants to take this class to argue with feminists, which I do not doubt Mark may be a liberal from the OC, but that doesnt mean he doesnt like to argue. (Marks second choice for most exciting was his PE class, Archery, but I dont think that counts.) Adam Angry W. 07: 16.100, Aerodynamics. Although this class is going to be a time sink (Adam walked in tonight after class and said, See you guys in December), Adam is deliriously excited about it because he loves airplanes (possibly even more than he loves his poor forlorn girlfriend). Dave Less than Jake L. 07: 2.671, Measurement and Instrumentation, because theyre going to teach us how to use rulers. Joseph Jomar M. 06: 9.15, Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Synaptic Transmission (which prompted me to say, Youre taking 9.15? Me too! Yessss, pset buddy). Jomar just switched to Course 9 from Course 5, which in my humble opinion was a Very Good Choice. Jay Jay T. 08: 6.041, Probabilistic Systems Analysis. I am required to say here that Jay actually refused to give me a course that hes excited about, but I picked 6.041 because it was the only class I could remember that Jay was taking this term. But Im sure he should be excited about taking 6.041 I gave him Adams old textbook, so he didnt even have to pay for a book! Warren Woody H. 08: Unified*. Woody says he is excited about Unified, although I probably wont be in a few weeks. (Unified is a legendary class at MIT it takes up about as much time per week as a full-time job, and if you think Im messing with you I assure you, Im not.) Chris Dr. Glade Plug-In P. 09: 18.023, Calculus with Applications. Although I suspect he may be excited about 18.023 because he hasnt been there yet, Chris swears he hearts math and wants to be a math major. As he is an RSI alum, I am inclined to believe him. *Note: Most technical classes at MIT are referred to by their course numbers. Those that arent Unified, Junior Lab, Project Lab, Digital Death, etc are generally considered to be Very, Very, Hard/Time-Consuming/Impossible/All of the Above. (And yes, the capital letters were critical for emphasis in this case. Just make sure you read them in a very dramatic voice in your head.)

Global Privacy… Are You Being Watched Essay - 2328 Words

Global Privacy†¦ Are You Being Watched Introduction Privacy has grown to become an intensely complex and important human rights topic in the information age. The right to privacy underlines human dignity. One of the first privacy laws can be traced back hundreds of years, to 1361, when England enacted the Justice of the Peace Act, which allowed the arrest of eavesdroppers and peeping toms.1 About every country in the world explicitly recognizes a right of privacy in their constitution, allowing people to have a right to home communication secrecy and inviolability at the very least. Although the right to privacy is not explicitly documented in the United States’, Ireland’s or India’s Constitution, it†¦show more content†¦CAPS II is different than a new system that is in proposal. Fortunately, it seems that CAPPS II intrudes on personal privacy to a very nominal degree. It checks for relatively non-personal data, such as: if the passenger bought a one-way ticket or if the passenger paid by cash instead of credit card. The Transportation Security Administration, however, states that the system is outdated and easily deceived. They are currently proposing improvements to the system, which will check the passenger’s name and information against a database of private data mining companies that collect very personal inform ation from people for commercial reasons.2 If successful, various countries in Europe and Asia are likely to adopt a form of the new system. Almost any personal record, including shopping habits, credit card information, library book checkouts, and Internet page visits can be observed by the TSA’s proposed system. Practical and Ethical Issues of the New System A 747 carries almost four hundred people. If two percent of the people who are screened are not allowed to board their flights, eight people on every flight will have their tickets taken away. It’s simply ludicrous that the TSA believes that eight out of every four hundred people are likely to commit acts of violence a commercial airplaneShow MoreRelatedThe Debate Of Security Versus Privacy Essay1257 Words   |  6 Pagesthis, the public discovered that even if you re not doing anything wrong you re being watched and recorded. The presence of a watchful government wasn’t anything new but the means of surveillance was never fully disclosed by anyone. The biggest question raised by the public was â€Å"does our right to privacy still matter?†. The NSA claims to be doing this in order to protect the rights of citizens, not dissipate them. The debate of security versus privacy† has evolved into a choice between libertyRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 1122 Words   |  5 PagesPrivacy is an important issue, especially in the United States where the NSA looms over the internet, tracking your every move. Privacy is what allows you to maintain your own individualism, what makes you a person and especially your freedom. A growing debate concerning Orwell’s 1984 relevancy is quickly on the rise. Orwell’s fear of a totalitarian society led him to write this book as he lived during the totalitarian movement in Russia. The fear of a totalitarian society spreading sparked his fearRead MoreBeing Watched: Ethical Issues on Privacy in Life6627 Words   |  27 PagesTEP1281: ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT Being Watched: Ethical Issues on Privacy in Life TC203 Abzal Kalimbetov Aashini Shah Azmil Hakim Pramata Tausik Nur Dayana Ayuni Bt. Nur Rashidi Mohd Zuhaili Bin Mohd Suhaini 1092700423 1091103635 1101110738 1071118536 1101109183 1091105283 [This study investigates the ethical issues on privacy in life among students and lecturers at Multimedia University (MMU).] Being Watched: Ethical Issues on Privacy in Life TEP1281: ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCTRead MoreWhat s Your Privacy Worth You?812 Words   |  4 Pages What’s Your Privacy Worth to You? Maeson Hayes Mrs. Marlow English 2A 12/17/16 Recent scandals involving the NSA and reports about the government’s use of surveillance technology have called the current ethics of maintaining public security into question. These events have caused us to ask what our privacy is worth in an age of global terrorism. Orwell’s warning that totalitarian regimes’ reliance on surveillance and the invasion of privacy to restrict individual freedom and endanger citizensRead MoreThe Digital Panopticon: Foucault and Internet Privacy Essay example1314 Words   |  6 PagesThe Digital Panopticon: Foucault and Internet Privacy In 1977, Michel Foucault wrote in Discipline and Punish about the disciplinary mechanisms of constant and invisible surveillance in part through an analysis of Jeremy Benthams panopticon. The panopticon was envisioned as a circular prison, in the centre of which resided a guard tower. Along the circumference, individuals resided in cells that were visible to the guard tower but invisible to each other. Importantly, this guard tower was backlitRead More Privacy - Its Time to Control the Use of Electronic Surveillance1484 Words   |  6 PagesControl the Use of Electronic Surveillance      Ã‚  Ã‚   How would you feel if every move you make, every word you say, every number you dial on the telephone, could easily be accessed or monitored by just about anyone in the world? Well, chances are that you and me and many others are currently, or have been, victims of this infringement on privacy. With todays ever growing technology, there is little one can do to ensure privacy in normal, every day life. Even though many benefits have comeRead MoreMedia And Government Surveillance And Privacy Issues1271 Words   |  6 Pagesor everything, that you see. This opens fascinating possibilities – and alarming ones†. – The Economist, Nov. 16, 2013. Media and government surveillance and privacy issues With everybody having a smartphone, access to Internet everywhere and frequently using other technologies to communication, there is easier to record anything and everything you see and share it. In some ways this is a positive thing, but it could also have severe consequences in a bad way. Wherever you go there are securityRead MoreThe Importance Of Spy On Computers1445 Words   |  6 Pages Preliminary with last two alternately three decades, it’s been watched that in terrorist assault and other social impacts own nationals would include. Not best that as well as a few exercises which make political and socially impedance watched and in this movement citizens are included specifically or alternately. So, due to this government take a step ahead, spy their nationals covertly and throughout those operations it’s discovered that a few of the resident would includeRead MoreSupply Chain : An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle1054 Words   |  5 Pagessupply chain will incur is transportation. Every company must use some sort of transportation to move items from warehouses to stores to the customer. To help you understand you must first know what a supply chain is. A supply chain is a network between a company and the suppliers to produce and distribute a product. A supply chain is the steps you use to get your product or service to the customer. The steps required to get your product to the customer involves transportation. Technology is transformingRead MoreMass Surveillance and the Panopticon Analysis Essay1447 Words   |  6 Pagesmass surveillance. Originally derived from the measures to control â€Å"abnormal beings† against the spreading of a plague, the Panopticon is an architecture designed to induce power with a permanent sense of visibility. With a tower in the center, surrounded by cells, the prisoners can be monitored and watched at any given time from the central tower. The goal of this architectural plan was to strip away any privacy and therefore create fear induced self-regulation amongst the prisoners, with an

The Soviet Union During The Cold War - 999 Words

The emergence of the Cold War with the Soviet Union had far reaching impacts on American society, including hindering the pace of social reform in the United States. While some aspects of the Cold War may have helped promote certain social reforms, the net impact, deterred inevitable social reforms. Tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War induced a fear of communism in Americans that had numerous effects on American policies. McCarthyism, a period of controversial accusations on supposedly â€Å"communist† Americans, developed from the panic that communism would overcome the United States’ government, leading to loss of individual freedoms. In addition, social reform, especially the Civil Rights Movement, received inadequate attention as American leaders fixated on defeating communism and preventing it from contaminating the United States. Therefore, the United States’ preoccupation with containing communism throughout the Cold War Era hindered social reform domestically. As a result, social reform successes were limited primarily to those exhibiting visible political value by demonstrating the United States’ belief in equality and democracy to the rest of the world. Amidst the Cold War, the Soviet Union sought to propagate their authoritarian beliefs to democratic countries, frightening Americans who believed communist spies would infiltrate the U.S. government. This fear compelled various actions that would later be dubbed â€Å"McCarthyism†, aShow MoreRelatedThe Soviet Union During The Cold War1677 Words   |  7 PagesAfter World War II, the world was in a state of heightened suspicion that was lead by ideological differences. There were two main â€Å"superpowers† that shaped perceptions of the rest of the world. One was the United States, who had come out of the war fairly unscathed, which was due to little to no conflict directly on its soil, in addition to the possession of a tomic weapons and a strong navy and air force. The other major player was the Soviet Union, whose industry was recovered during the first fewRead MoreThe Soviet Union During The Cold War1702 Words   |  7 Pages history in the West abruptly shifted course. The communist regimes in Eastern Europe fell, severing these nations’ ties to the Soviet Union and sparking unprecedented political and economic reforms. Two years later, the Soviet Union itself disintegrated. The Cold War ended along with it, a sharply defined historical era stretching back to 1914. The end of the Cold War renewed the commitment to democracy and capitalism in the West, accelerated the existing movement toward unification in Europe, andRead MoreThe Soviet Union During The Cold War Essay2053 Words   |  9 PagesThe Zbigniew Brzezinski defined a Soviet victory as entailing â€Å"the submissive neutralization of both Western Europe (through the dismantling of NATO) and Japan, and the withdrawal of U.S. po litical military presence across the oceans. Moreover, victory was also defined as attaining the worldwide economic supremacy of communism over capitalism† . Part of this view is corroborated in the infamous Long Telegram by American diplomat George F. Kennan, which, among other things, claimed that the USSR wantedRead MoreThe Soviet Union During The Cold War1805 Words   |  8 PagesThe United States did not have a favorable relationship with the Soviet Union during the Cold War due to the Soviet’s desire to spread communism. In the midst of the ideological battle between the United States and the Soviets, U.S. sought attention to whole Southeast Asia due to the radical dispersion of Communism. North Vietnam formed an alliance with the Soviet Union, and China to unite the country into a communist regime. As an international peace keeper, the United States decided to fund theRead MoreThe Soviet Union During The Cold War1772 Words   |  8 PagesWhilst United States-So viet relations were central to post 1945, an understanding about other relations will give a fuller, wider understanding of the Cold War context. The 1950s crisis over Korea and Taiwan, the Vietnam War in the 1960s, and the conflict between Washington and Moscow all highlighted the central theme of power. Bi-polar conflicts were at the heart of the Cold War and global struggles complicated situations. The conflicts during the Cold War were underpinned by strategic, politicalRead MoreThe Second Red Scare During The Cold War With The Soviet Union1094 Words   |  5 PagesThe Second Red Scare started in the opening phases of the Cold War with the Soviet Union. The Second Red Scare refers to the anti-communist passion that affected American politics, culture and society in the 1940s and 1950s. Interpretations of the Second Red Scare have ranged between two poles: one emphasizing the threat posed to national security by the Communist Party, and the other emphasizing the threat to democracy posed by political repression. Americans historically have been fearful of â€Å"enemiesRead MoreRonald Reagan Prolonged The Cold War Essay1539 Words   |  7 Pagesfactor which played a part in ending the Cold War was the internal unrest of the Soviet Union. Also the ever changing system we know now as International Relations had a role in the conclusion of this time period. I will additionally argue the antithesis of the question and explain how Ronald Reagan prolonged the Cold War. Response: During the Second World War, USA and the Soviet Union came together against a common enemy. It was the immediate events after the War which lead to renewed tensions betweenRead MoreThe Movie Goldeneye 997 Words   |  4 Pagesstop terrorist from taking a Soviet Union satellite that can fire an electric magnetic pulse satellite (EMP) . The movie takes place from 1986 to 1995, all during the time of the cold war. Within the movie there are a few villains that are fighting against Bond, Alec Trevelyan formally MI6 special agent 006 and James Bond partner, Boris Grishenko an indepent hacker that works for the Janus group, and Soviet Union fighting against other countries during the cold war. The movie Goldeneye shows themesRead MoreCauses Of The Cold War1396 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War was a political, ideological and sometimes indirect military confrontation that took place after the Second World War between the two largest powers in the world: The United States and the Soviet Union. The conflict between these two great powers intensified without a real war on the ground. It was a silent war characterized by both powers in an arms race with the most lethal weapons without actually using these weapons. That is why that war was known as the Cold War. In this paper,Read MoreThe Cold War and Us Diplomacy1213 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War and the United States Diplomacy Name: Institution: The Cold War and the United States Diplomacy The Cold War was the state of military and political tension between Western countries, especially the United States, its NATO allies, and the communist nations, particularly the Soviet Union and other satellite states. The war began after World War II had got to an end. The Cold War was named so since it did not feature any

The arithmetic checks Free Essays

The arithmetic checks must be done for all leveling calculations When establishing the heights of new Tabs and other important points, only BBS and FSP should be taken and the rise and fall method should be used. The HIP method of calculation can be much quicker when a lot of intermediate sights have been taken and it is a good method to use when mapping or setting out where many readings are often taken room a single instrument position. A disadvantage of the HIP method is that the check on reduced levels calculated from IS can be lengthy and there is a tendency for it to be omitted. We will write a custom essay sample on The arithmetic checks or any similar topic only for you Order Now Precision of leveling As with all techniques used in engineering surveying it is important to estimate how accuracy of the measurements taken. An assessment of the quality of leveling can be made by calculating the enclosure for a line of levels. This is determined by comparing the reduced level of the closing bench mark with the level obtained for it by calculation from the staff readings. On construction sites ND other engineering projects, leveling is usually carried out over short distances and it can involve a lot of instrument positions. The allowable enclosure for a line of levels is given by: Allowable enclosure = ? ± m n Where, m is a constant and n is the number of instrument positions used. The value most often used for m is mm When the enclosure obtained from staff readings is compared to the allowable enclosure, if miniscule is greater than the allowable value the leveling is rejected and must be repeated. If the enclosure is less than the allowable value the leveling s accepted and the leveling is adjusted. The value of m depends on the site conditions. For example if the levels found are to be used for earth work excavations m might be mom. For setting out steel and concrete structures excavations m might be mm. In some cases m is specified in the contract documents. Specifications for leveling are also given in: BOSSES: building setting out and measurement ICE Design and Practice Guide: The management of setting out in construction BOSSES: Guide to accuracy in building Sources of error in leveling There are three main groups of errors that can occur when leveling. The most common errors fall into one of the following groups: 1. Errors in the equipment 2. Field or on-site errors 3. The effects of curvature and refraction on leveling Errors in the equipment Collimation error This can be a serious error in leveling if the sight lengths from one instrument position are not types of leveling all types of leveling, sight lengths should be kept equal, particularly back sights and fore sights and before using any level it is advisable to carry out a two-peg test to ensure the collimation error is within acceptable limits. Compensator not working For an automatic or digital level, the compensator is hacked by moving a foot screw slightly off level, by tapping the telescope gently or by pushing the compensator check lever to ensure that a reading remains constant. If any of the checks fail then the compensator is not working properly and needs to be repaired. Parallax This effect must be eliminated before staff readings are taken. Defects of the staff The base of the staff should be checked to see if it has become worn – if this is the case then the staff has a zero error. This does not affect height differences if the same staff is used for all the leveling, but introduces errors if two tiffs are being used for the same series of levels. When using multi-section staff, it is important to ensure that it is properly extended by examining the graduations on the other side of each section as it is extended. If any of the sections become loose the staff should be returned for repair. Tripod defects The stability of tripods should be checked before any fieldwork commences by testing to see if the tripod head is secure and that the base of each leg are secure. Field or on-site errors Staff not vertical As the staff is used to measure a vertical difference between the ground and the plane of collimation, failure to hold he staff vertical will give an incorrect readings. Since the staff is held vertical with the aid of a vertical bubble, this should be checked at frequent intervals and adjusted if necessary. Unstable ground When the instrument is set up on soft ground and bituminous surfaces on hot days, an effect that is often overlooked is that the tripod legs may sink into the ground or rise slightly when the reading is being taken. This then will alter the height of collimation and it is advisable to choose firm ground on which to set up the level and the tripod, and to ensure that the tripod is pushed ell into the ground. Handling the instrument and tripod As well as the vertical displacement, the plane of collimation of a level may be altered for any set-up if the tripod is held or leant against. When leveling, avoid contact with the tripod and only use the level by light contact. Instrument not level For automatic and digital levels this source of error is unusual, but for a tilting level in which the tilting screw has to be adjusted for each reading, this is a common mistake. The best procedure here is to ensure that the main bubble is centralized before and after the reading is taken. Reading and cooking errors Many mistakes can be made during the booking of staff readings taken with an automatic or tilting level, and the general rule is that staff readings must be carefully entered into the leveling table or field book immediately after reading. Weather conditions In strong winds, a level can become unusable because the line of sight is always moving and it is also difficult to hold the staff steady. For these reasons, it is not possible to take reliable readings under these conditions which should be avoided when leveling. And other hard surfaces to ensure that the base of the staff remains at the same eight in between a back sight and fore sight. When the tripod is set up in soft ground or on tarmac on hot days it may sink into the ground or rise slightly when readings are taken. This alters the height of collimation and causes errors. Try to set the level up on firm ground and always push the tripod legs well into the ground. The height of collimation may be altered if the tripod is held or pressed down Do not lean on the level, If the tripod is knocked it is necessary to re-level the instrument and repeat all the readings taken from that instrument position. Marking or recording the session of each change point on a long line of levels is advisable. If this is not done and the tripod is knocked all of the leveling will have to be repeated. Curvature and refraction Over long distances level and horizontal lines through an instrument will diverge because level lines follow the curvature of the Earth. This is a possible source of error in leveling since all readings are taken along horizontal lines instead of level lines. The difference between a horizontal and level line is know as curvature and is given by c = 0. 0785 DO Where, c = curvature in meters, D = sighting distance in km The correction for length of sight of mom is less than 1 mm. This correction is ignored for most leveling. The effect of refraction of the line of sight is to bend it towards the Earth. This is also ignored in most leveling. Whatever sight lengths are used, the effects of curvature and refraction will cancel if the sight lengths are equal. How to Reduce the Chance of Errors Occurring Leveling should always start and finish at bench marks so that enclosures can be detected. When only one bench mark is available, leveling lines must be run in loops starting and finishing at the name bench mark Where possible, all sights lengths should be below 50 m. The staff must be held vertically by suitable use of a circular bubble or by rocking the staff and noting the minimum reading. BBS and FSP lengths should be kept equal for each instrument position. For engineering applications, many intermediate sights may be taken from each set- up – under these circumstances it is important that the level has no more than a small collimation error. For automatic and tilting levels, staff readings should be booked immediately after they are observed. Use a digital level where possible as it sakes staff readings automatically The rise and fall method of reduction should be used when weighting reference or control points and the HIP method should be used when setting out. Other leveling methods Inverted leveling This is a leveling technique that is used to obtain the heights of points above the line of sight such as ceilings and undersides of bridges. To obtain these, the staff is held upside down in an inverted position with its base on the elevated points. An inverted staff reading is booked in a level table procedure is followed taking into account the minus sign. Never use an inverted staff eating as a change point because it is difficult to keep the staff in the same place for more than one reading. Exam Question: Supplement 2006 SQ A client has asked for an as-constructed drawing of a recently built industrial building. As part of the survey the following series of levels are taken. Prepare a report for the client showing the reduced levels of the manhole inverts and the calculated gradients on the sewer lines, and the soft levels on the building gutters. Example 2 Lets repeat the reduced levels part of the previous exam question assuming we were asked to use the rise and fall method instead How to cite The arithmetic checks, Papers

Motivational Theories Essays - Educational Psychology, Motivation

Educational Motivational Theories EDU 615 Ashford University Dennis Lawerance August 22, 2011 Motivational in the academic context sometimes is the difference between successful and unsuccessful completion of educational goals for students. According to a definition presented by Wikipedia, motivation is a driving force by which humans achieve their goals. It can be either intrinsic or extrinsic. (Wikipedia, 2011) More often than not educators find that one student who has the talent and intelligence but just doesn?t seem to be motivated in standing and achieving the mark that has been set for them. This study of this is considered to be situational motivation in which educational goals are achieved in an optimal setting where learners are in an environment created by educators. Various studies have been contributed to motivation in the sociocultural and the educational context. Skinner, Piaget, and Wiener have presented theories that have been deemed motivational. B.F. Skinner, a behavior theorist, presented a theory that cognitive and behavior are not influenced by the environment in which they are incorporated. The ideology behind the behavioral theorist is that classroom environments have to be set up in a manner where students can get a specific instructional context and students are rewarded for mastering learning objectives. There are three basic assumptions to this theory: 1. learning is manifested by a change in behavior. 2. the environment shapes behavior. 3. the principles of contiguity (how close in time two events must be for a bond to be formed) and reinforcement (any means of increasing the likelihood that an event will be repeated) are central to explaining the learning process. In his model Skinner has two conditioning standards which are classical and operant. Classical conditioning is a reflex response whereas operant is reinforced behavior predicated on reward or punishment. (Wikipedia, 2011) Jean Piaget, made a clear distinction from motivation and learning in the 1970?s. His theoretical framework focused on individuals, with a clear distinction between learning and motivation. This was known as cognitive theories of motivation which include social cognitive theories (e.g., self-efficacy and self-regulation) and intrinsic motivation theories (e.g., self-determination, expectancy theory, and personal interest). It simply stated that social context was relevant to the learning of individuals. The ideology of making a motivational contextual classroom environment is the study that makes for a more developed learner. His conceptual theory was adaptation. (Wikipedia, 2011) Wiener?s theory of attribution is educational motivation where failure or success depends of three characteristics: 1.Cause of success or failure may be internal or external. 2.Success or failure may be either stable or unstable 3.Success or failure can be controllable or uncontrollable. One of the basic assumptions to this theory is that people will interpret their environment in a way that is positively viewed by others. In essence, Weiner?s theory is predicated on the fact that students can take academic success as a positive for themselves. Yet if there is not a successful academic pursuit then it is blamed on something else like bad teaching or bad luck. It formulates the belief that one can transform with effort on their academic pursuits. `` Each of the theories have a common factor in that they attempt to make real sense of the problems that teachers and students may have when dealing with motivation. Piaget states that environment alone in the classroom can help motivate students. All that is needed is an equipped teacher who knows classroom design and students. The problem with Piaget?s theory is that environments can often change, one moment it is stable , the other, unstable, environment is not the only obstacle for students when dealing with education. In each educational environment, problems solving should accompany classroom environments. It is often the obstacles in life that are conflicts for students when out of the classroom environment. Unstable home environment, social conflicts, and general student problems contribute to additional stress. No matter how good an educator is or the environment in which they teach, if the needs of the students are not being met all around then there will likely be a flow bac k into the classroom. Weiner?s attribution theory is based on three characteristics that are founded on belief in one?s success only if there is success but failure it attributed to outside forces other than the individual. When dealing with

buy custom The Controversy Over Sex Education essay

buy custom The Controversy Over Sex Education essay One of the most controversial issues today is sex education. This is an issue that affects nearly every American family. Nearly nine out of ten public school students have at least one sex education course at some time between 7th and 12th grade, and 95% of public secondary schools teach some form of sex education (Sex Education in, 2002). The purpose of sex education classes is to give students information that will help them avoid sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and unwanted pregnancies. The debate is focused around two alternatives, abstinence-only education and comprehensive sex education. Abstinence-only education teaches children to abstain from sex until they are married. Abstinence, proponents of this alternative say, is the only way to be totally safe from STDs and unwanted pregnancy. Comprehensive sex education teaches children about contraception as well as abstinence as a means of birth control and disease prevention. History of the Controversy The first step to understanding the controversy over what type sex education is best is to understand why sex education is needed. There are two reasons: disease prevention and the prevention of unwanted pregnancies. Sexually transmitted diseases, or STDs, are a widespread health problem in the United States. In 2009, 1,244,180 cases of Chlamydia trachomatis infection, 301,174 cases of gonorrhea, 13,997 cases of PS syphilis were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The number of Chlamydia trachomatis infections is the largest number of cases ever reported to CDC for any condition (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010). A total of 35, 825 new AIDs cases were diagnosed in 2009 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). These numbers show that it is important to give young people education that can help them make good decisions and avoid these diseases. When the AIDS epidemic began, states began to pass laws requiring sex education classes. Federal involvement has been in the form of funding for these programs, beginning in 1988. In 1996, Congress passed a law making funds available to states for abstinence-only education. In a 1999 survey of principals, 58% said that their school had a comprehensive sex education policy, while 34% said their school had an abstinence-only policy. (Sex Education in, 2002). Current Controversy Those wo support the abstinence-only method of sex education believe that including information about contraception undermines the message that abstinence from sexual intercourse is the only totally reliable way to avoid STDs and unwanted pregnancy. They argue that talk of safe sex encourages children to have sex at a young age. Many also argue that if students have sex education classes early on, this may cause them to start thinking about sex at an earlier age than they would have otherwise, leading to an increase in teen pregnancies and STDs. Often these people oppose the inclusion of material about homosexuality, bisexuality, and other alternative lifestyles in the sex education curriculum. Further inflaming the issue is the fact that many of the people who oppose the more comprehensive approach to sex education do so for religious reasons. These people are morally opposed to these topics being discussed in the schools and feel that their children are being taught values incompat ible with their own. People who support comprehensive sex education may agree that children should abstain from sex until they are ready for sexual activity. They disagree with abstinence-only supporters about the teaching of contraception methods, however. They feel that it is imperative to teach young people about contraception because many of those young people are already having sex, and many of those who aren't already will choose to do, even if they are taught that abstinence is the best policy. Thus, supporters of comprehensive sex education fear that if young people are not taught proper methods of contraception, more teens will contract STDs or become pregnant at an age when they are not yet ready to care for a child. Also, many homosexual rights advocates oppose abstinence-only programs because these programs teach that a monogamous heterosexual marriage is the only acceptable way to prevent disease. Studies on the Effects of Sex Education on Teen STD and Pregnancy Rates Gerald Oettinger (1999) found that comprehensive sex education was associated with an increase in the number of female students who had sex at a young age, and a small increase in the teen pregnancy rate. These increases were larger for those who received sex education at an earlier age. This supports the claims of the supporters of abstinence-only education that teaching students about contraception encourages risky behavior. Another study found that an abstinence-only program reduced the probability of a teen having sexuall intercourse during the two-year study period from 48.5% to 33.5%. This study also percentages of teens who used condoms when they had sex was the same whether the teens had received abstinence-only education, comprehensive sex education, or no sex education. The children in this study were between 11 and 15 years old, and the average age was 12.2 years. (Jemmott, Jemmott, and Fong 2010) This study shows that abstinence-only programs can delay the time at which teens begin having sex, thus reducing their exposure to disease. A study of the effects of condom distribution to teens found that teens who participated in the program were no more likely to begin having sex at an early age than those who did not (Sellers, McGraw and McKinlay 1994). This contradicts the Oettinger study and supports the contention of comprehensive sex education advocates that teaching children about contraception does not encourage sexual activity. Another study (Mueller, Gavin, and Kulkarni 2008) showed that both boys and girls who had received comprehensive sex education were less likely to have sexual intercourse than those who had not had sex education, and that girls who had sex education were more likely to use birth control than those who did not have sex education. This also contradicts the study by Oettinger. Possible Solutions Regardless of the solution that is chosen, a large group of American citizens will be unhappy with the choice. Such conflicts are inevitable when nearly all children are compelled to attend schools run by a single government. There are some compromises already being made, however. There are now abstinence plus curricula that teach abstinence as the only way to eliminate the risk of pregnancy or infection, but with information on contraception as a way to reduce risk for those who choose to have sex (Sex Education in 2002 ). The conflicting research may also show a partial solution. The Oettinger (1999) study showed that the increase in sexual activity for students receiving comprehensive sex education was greater for those who had sex education early in adolescence. The children who were subjects of the other study (Jemmott, Jemmott, and Fong 2010) that showed an increase in sexual activity had an average age of 12.2. Perhaps it would be best to give younger students an abstinence only education and give older teens a more comprehensive sex education. Buy custom The Controversy Over Sex Education essay

The Battle of Alam Halfa in North Africa During WW II

The Battle of Alam Halfa in North Africa During WW II The Battle of Alam Halfa was fought from August 30 to September 5, 1942, during World War IIs Western Desert Campaign. Armies Commanders Allies Lieutenant General Bernard Montgomery4 divisions, XIII Corps, Eighth Army Axis Field Marshal Erwin Rommel6 divisions, Panzer Armee Afrika Background Leading to the Battle With the conclusion of the First Battle of El Alamein in July 1942, both British and Axis forces in North Africa paused to rest and refit. On the British side, Prime Minister Winston Churchill travelled to Cairo and relieved Commander-in-Chief Middle East Command General Claude Auchinleck and replacing him with General Sir Harold Alexander. Command of the British Eight Army at El Alamein ultimately was given to Lieutenant General Bernard Montgomery. Assessing the situation at El Alamein, Montgomery found that the front was constricted to a narrow line running from the coast to the impassable Qattara Depression. Montgomerys Plan To defend this line, three infantry divisions from XXX Corps were positioned on ridges running from the coast south to Ruweisat Ridge. To the south of the ridge, the 2nd New Zealand Division was similarly fortified along a line ending at Alam Nayil. In each case, the infantry was protected by extensive minefields and artillery support. The final twelve miles from Alam Nayil to the depression was featureless and difficult to defend. For this area, Montgomery ordered that minefields and wire be laid, with the 7th Motor Brigade Group and 4th Light Armoured Brigade of the 7th Armoured Division in position behind. When attacked, these two brigades were to inflict maximum casualties before falling back. Montgomery established his main defensive line along the ridges running east from Alam Nayil, most notably Alam Halfa Ridge. It was here that he positioned the bulk of his medium and heavy armor along with anti-tank guns and artillery. It was Montgomerys intention to entice Field Marshal Erwin Rommel to attack through this southern corridor and then defeat him in a defensive battle. As British forces assumed their positions, they were augmented by the arrival of reinforcements and new equipment as convoys reached Egypt. Rommels Advance Across the sands, Rommels situation was growing desperate as his supply situation worsened. While he advance across the desert had seen him win stunning victories over the British, it had badly extended his supply lines. Requesting 6,000 tons of fuel and 2,500 tons of ammunition from Italy for his planned offensive, Allied forces succeeded in sinking over half of the ships dispatched across the Mediterranean. As a result, only 1,500 tons of fuel reached Rommel by the end of August. Aware of Montgomerys growing strength, Rommel felt compelled to attack with the hope of winning a quick victory. Constrained by the terrain, Rommel planned to push the 15th and 21st Panzer Divisions, along with the 90th Light Infantry through the southern sector, while the bulk of his other forces demonstrated against the British front to the north. Once through the minefields, his men would push east before turning north to sever Montgomerys supply lines. Moving forward on the night of August 30, Rommels attack quickly encountered difficulty. Spotted by the Royal Air Force, British aircraft began attacking the advancing Germans as well as directing artillery fire on their line of advance. The Germans Held Reaching the minefields, the Germans found them to be much more extensive than anticipated. Slowly working through them, they came under intense fire from the 7th Armoured Division and British aircraft which exacted a high toll, including wounding General Walther Nehring, commander of the Afrika Korps. Despite these difficulties, the Germans were able to clear the minefields by noon the next day and began pressing east. Eager to make up lost time and under constant harassing attacks from 7th Armoured, Rommel ordered his troops to turn north earlier than planned. This maneuver directed the assault against the 22nd Armoured Brigades positions on Alam Halfa Ridge. Moving north, the Germans were met with intense fire from the British and were halted. A flank attack against the British left was stopped by heavy fire from anti-tank guns. Stymied and short on fuel, General Gustav von Vaerst, now leading the Afrika Korps, pulled back for the night. Attacked through the night by British aircraft, German operations on September 1 were limited as 15th Panzer had a dawn attack checked by the 8th Armoured Brigade and Rommel began moving Italian troops into the southern front. Under constant air attack during the night and into the morning hours of September 2, Rommel realized that the offensive had failed and decided to withdraw west. His situation was made more desperate when a column of British armored cars badly mauled one of his supply convoys near Qaret el Himeimat. Realizing his adversarys intentions, Montgomery began formulating plans for counterattacks with the 7th Armoured and 2nd New Zealand. In both cases, he emphasized that neither division should incur losses that would preclude them from taking part in a future offensive. While a major push from 7th Armoured never developed, the New Zealanders attacked south at 10:30 PM on September 3. While the veteran 5th New Zealand Brigade had success against the defending Italians, an assault by the green 132nd Brigade collapsed due to confusion and fierce enemy resistance. Not believing a further attack would succeed, Montgomery cancelled further offensive operations the next day. As a result, the German and Italian troops were able to retreat back to their lines, though under frequent air attack. The Battles Aftermath The victory at Alam Halfa cost Montgomery 1,750 killed, wounded, and missing as well as 68 tanks and 67 aircraft. Axis losses totaled around 2,900 killed, wounded, and missing along with 49 tanks, 36 aircraft, 60 guns, and 400 transport vehicles. Often overshadowed by the First and Second Battles of El Alamein, Alam Halfa represented the last significant offensive launched by Rommel in North Africa. Far from his bases and with his supply lines crumbling, Rommel was forced to move to the defensive as British strength in Egypt grew. In the wake of the battle, Montgomery was criticized for not pressing harder to cut off and destroy the Afrika Korps when it was isolated on his southern flank. He responded by stating that Eighth Army was still in the process of reforming and lacked the logistical network to support the exploitation of such a victory. Also, he was adamant that he wished to preserve British strength for a planned offensive rather than risk it in counterattacks against Rommels defenses. Having shown restraint at Alam Halfa, Montgomery moved to the attack in October when he opened the Second Battle of El Alamein. Sources Defensive Military Structures in Action: Historical ExamplesBBC: Peoples War - Battle of Alam Halfa

Bottoms Up Market Sizing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bottoms Up Market Sizing - Research Paper Example With unit investment trust which are registered companies that posses both characteristics of mutual funds and closed-end funds, their presence is attributed to low number of investment companies below year 2000 level despite net increase since in 2005. The number of new UITs has increased by 2011 by opening 51 new trusts, while closed end fund sponsors had increased with 10 by 2011 since year2005 (Investment Company institute, p, 17). ETFs which are regarded as hybrid of other investment companies (Dow Jones& company) have continued to increase with significant speed where 216 new fund have been opened, on net, by 2011 there were 1,166 ETFs which is 15 times that existed at year 2000 ( Investment Company institute,p.19). ... ,880 642 743 5,984 16,249 2009 8,612 627 820 6,049 16,108 8,540 624 950 5,971 16,085 2011 8,684 634 1,166 6,022 16,506 Source: Â   Source: Investment Company,p.19 Assets Managed By Fund Managers United state represented the world largest of mutual fund market, at the end of 2010 i.e. 11.8 trillion under management which is 48 % of global mutual fund asset under management (Investment Company institute, p.14). US registered investment companies managed $13 trillion by the end of 2011 (investment company fact book, p. 8) while this figure represent is a decrease of $ 129 billion since 2010. This is attributed to 1 % stock index fall hence decrease in total of net asset of fund invested in domestic equity market. Also through lowering of US equity and bond fund that held international asset, resulted to decrease in dollar value of non domestic securities in their portfolios (Investment Company institute, p.34). Asset under Fund Managers Year Tax-free debt trust assets (left scale) Taxa ble debt trust assets (left scale) Equity trust assets (left scale) Total trust assets (left scale) 1992 81 10 6 98 1993 71 9 8 88 1994 a 7 9 74 1995 51 8 14 73 1996 41 8 23 72 1997 38 6 41 85 1998 32 5 56 94 1999 26 4 62 92 2000 23 4 48 74 2001 19 4 26 49 2002 17 4 15 36 2003 13 3 19 36 2004 11 3 23 37 2005 10 2 29 41 2006 9 2 39 50 2007 8 2 43 53 2008 6 2 20 29 2009 10 4 25 38 2010 13 4 34 51 2011 16 4 41 60 Source: Investment Company institute, p.34 Revenue Generated By Assets under Fund Managers Financial currency trading market is quite dynamic with which changes daily and keep evolving as technology keep changing the course of online trading (Jeulin). Income represented by divided distribution mainly is generated from interest and divided earned from securities in fund manager

Economic growh & environmental quality (haiti vs california) Essay

Economic growh & environmental quality (haiti vs california) - Essay Example This is because unlike California, Haiti has seen numerous political and environmental shocks that have severely hindered its growth. Nevertheless, economic growth in both California and Haiti comes with negative environmental outcomes comprising water and land pollution, greenhouse gas emissions as well as destruction of ecological landscape. Haiti economic growth largely centers on agriculture given that majority of the island is mountainous. Most of Haiti lush rainforests has been cleared for small-scale farming and charcoal burning, hence leaving only 28.3% of its land mass to be good for arable and commercial farming1. Agriculture accounts for the nation 25% of its GDP production. As a result, two thirds of Haiti labor-force still lives on small-scale subsistence farms which has resulted in economic stagnation, that has made Haiti the poorest nation in the western hemisphere. Hence, the nation has no substantial industrial or manufacturing sector, which then makes 40% of Haitian population to be unemployed even as the average income for most Haitian is less than $200 per year2. Haiti economy is largely driven by informal small-medium enterprises, which accounts for 80% of the nation new jobs. Nonetheless, the textile industry forms the second largest economic activity after arable farming. On the other hand, Californ ia has a GDP per capita income of $60,190 per year with the unemployment level standing at a much lower level of 7.4%3. Secondly, California has a diverse and highly skilled workforce working in different sectors unlike Haiti, and varies from high tech, to retail and service industry, to manufacturing, biotech, entertainment, to agriculture. Thus, before the 2007-2008 financial crises, California experienced per capita GDP growth that surpassed even the United States per-capita GDP expansion. In particular, the state share of the entire California manufacturing output grew from eight to

The Theory Of Supply And Hilton Hotels Economics Essay

The Theory Of Supply And Hilton Hotels Economics Essay Hilton hotels are among those hotels in world who provide all facilities that a normal person expects from caterings to business travel and leisure guests. They own more than 2700 hotels around the world starting from Europe to Asia. Their online sales at present are at the top of the list compared to other hotels. The hotel was founded in the year 1919, and the founder of Hilton hotel is Conard Hilton. Conard Hilton was a well disciplined and determined person who always had a keen interest in expanding the hotel space by every square foot so as to make the customers happy feel comfortable. In the year 1919 in Cisco, Texas, the first Hilton hotel was constructed by Mr. Hilton. And the Paris, the granddaughter of Conard Hilton, who has estimate $300 million family fortune. She is one of the hotel magnates of this huge Hilton organisation. Conard Hiltons (1887-1979) birth place is San Antonio. He made a statement that the hotel established by him was one of the best in all cities and he posted the phrase Take me to Hilton. Hilton hotels are popular for offering high class accommodation facilities for their guest in the busy destinations. Mp3 friendly alarms are established for the guest to wake up and the guest has full freedom to select his or her own tunes for the day. They are famous for the level and comfort that they provide to their customers. At present the Port of San Diego and Hilton are planning to establish a hotel with 1200 rooms on the waterfront adjacent to the San Diego Convention Centre. With the hard work and dedication by the meeting planners of Hilton hotel the H Honours program effectiveness has grown from 34% in 2002 to 40% now. Using the same business rate stay, the program members earn both H Honours points as well as airline miles, and this is usually called as Double Dipping. And there is a card called The American Express Hilton H honours Program Credit card through which a customer can earn points and have a free stay at Hilton hotel as well. Hilton Malta which is one of the most prestigious hotel promises the words best in accommodation for their customers, with high class treatment and service. The top priority chain of Hilton is their business travel. Using this they have made a huge change in their organisation as well. Since 1919, every time they have opened a way for new innovations for executives. The Managing Director of Sales in Business Travel for Hilton Hotel Corporation at present is Maureen Mackey. Hilton hotels are at present the official hotel group of uk. They have more than 2700 hotels around the globe at present. Supply The theory of supply considered as one of the fundamental theory in the economics. According to the economic point of view supply means that the amount of the product that producers willing to provide at a particular price over a given period of time. Law of supply Law of supply means that when other things are equal there will be a direct relationship between price and quantity of supply. We can explain easily with a diagram In this diagram x axis shows that quantity of supply that provided by producers to customers and y axiss explain price of the product. The first time price is p1 and quantity of supply is q1. Then there is a increase in price from p1 to p2 as a result supply also increases to q1 to q2.this is considered as theory of supply Factors affecting Supply There are many factors that affecting supply of a commodity or services the main factors are Price of the commodity: There is a direct relation between price and supply of a product or service. That means when price of a commodity increases producers try to sell more unit of the product. Because main goal of every firm is to achieve profit. When price increases producers try to achieve more by increasing supply of that product or services Price of factors of production Factors of production also influence supply. The word factors of production is mainly included land labour..etc .so when price of factors of production increases producers cannot supply much to consumer. On the same time he can increase his production or he can supply more products when the price of factors of production decreases Prices of other commodities: Price of other commodities means that in a company producer produce two products on the same time. But the quantity of the product supplied will be different. Because it depends upon the price of product. That is if one commodity got high price firm try to supply more of that commodity Change in cost of production: like factors of production cost of production also important in change in supply. Because firm can supply more unit of product by reducing cost of production Technological advancement: technological advantage is very important in every part of product. That is there is a direct relation between technology and supply. When technology improve supply also improve Climate: weather or climate is always influence change in supply. When there is a good climate Firm can supply a good quantity of product Taste and preference Taste and preference always help firm to achieve increase in supply. That means if firm can produce goods which can satisfy peoples taste then producer can supply a good amount of product Tax rate Tax rate and subsidies plays an important role in supply of a product. There is a relation between both of them. For example if tax rate of a product or services increases producers try to reduce the supply of that particular product. If tax rate fall firms try to sell more of product as possible but subsidies have different look if subsidies that given to a firm will increases producers try to increase supply of that product and vice versa Governments influence Every organisation needs a good climate of administration otherwise new producers will not enter in market. On the same time governments should give a liberal policy to business man if not that will affect supply of commodity. If government restriction is highly in a state producers are not willing to supply more quantity of product and vice versa B) Price elasticity of supply Price elasticity of supply is also considered as one of the major principles of economics. Price elasticity means that the relationship between changes in quantity supplied and changes in price. For the measurement of this change is known as price elasticity of supply. There is a formula for that price elasticity of supply that is PES =change in quantity supplied/change in price There is many kind of elasticity is there this all based on change in price rate. They are perfectly elastic, perfectly inelastic, elastic, inelastic and unit elastic. We can elaborate this 1) Perfectly elastic That means at the current price suppliers can supply any amount 2) Perfectly inelastic Perfectly inelastic means change in price does not affect quantity of supply. That means the rate of supply is always same when price change 3) Elastic Elastic means that when price increases supply also increases but change in supply wil be more than when it compare to price 4) Inelastic Inelastic means that there is a small proportion of change in price leads to large proportion of supply 5) Unit Unit elasticity means that rate of change in supply and rate of change in price will be same. These are the main 5 elasticity of supply .there are many factors that affect elasticity of supply they are following 1) Spare production capacity It means that if business got a spare capacity for his production then business can increase output as a result supply will be elastic to demand .that is why in recession time goods and services of Hilton hotel remain elastic (2) Stocks of finished products and components It means that raw materials and finished goods are high level in a market the supply will be elastic. On other hand if stocks or finished goods are low at market. Supply should be inelastic to its demand (3) The ease and cost of factor substitution This means that if factors of production are easily available or mobility of production factors are high that will affect elasticity of supply .that means it should be high. The hotels like Hilton always try to keep their factors available easily otherwise that will affect their business badly (4) Time period involved in the production process Time period is considered as one of the major factor that affect production process. That is usually supply of a product is high elastic at long time period because producers can adjust or rearrange production.

Ophelias Flowers

ENG 4U January 14, 2012 Ophelia and her Flowers Flowers; there expected to be over 10 000 different species of this aesthetic plant, and each can have a different meaning. In the play Hamlet, Ophelia, a girl raised by obedience and manipulation, uses these flowers in a fit of madness and their archetypal meanings to express her thoughts, feelings, and hopes towards her once thought as lover, Hamlet. As the play goes on, you can see that more is revealed in her relationship with Hamlet, and that Ophelia isn’t as innocent and virtuous as she portrays. To begin, in a fit of madness Ophelia begins to give flowers with embedded meanings to recipients who seem most fitting. She states, There’s rosemary, that’s for remembrance. Pray you, love, Remember. And there is pansies, that’s for thoughts. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. There's fennel for you, and columbines. There's rue for you, and here's some for me. We may call it herb of grace o' Sundays. O, you must wear your rue with a difference! There's a daisy. I would give you some violets, but they wither'd all when my father died. They say he made a good end. (Hamlet IV, v, 199-209) I believe that she gave the rosemary to Hamlet. Rosemary is associated with remembrance between two lovers, (Stabler, 2000) which was once the relationship she believed that they had. She may use this in hope that he has not forgotten about her. Whether or not Hamlet was deceiving her, he definitely once made Ophelia believe that he loved her, and he even states. â€Å"I did love you once. †(Hamlet III,i. 126) What made Hamlet lose his feelings for Ophelia? Of perhaps they were never there. Ophelia spends a life time of obeying her male-counterparts. They constantly manipulated her into doing or thinking things that were not of character. For example, she never once thought twice about spying on Hamlet for her father, or doing every single small task he asked her to do, or answering each personal question he asked. Who is to say that Hamlet was not manipulating her and taking advantage of her for her body? After going mad, Ophelia can confirm this accusation when she sings. By Gis and by Saint Charity, Alack, and fie for shame! Young men will do't if they come to't By Cock, they are to blame. Quoth she, ‘Before you tumbled me, You promis'd me to wed. ‘ He answers: ‘So would I ‘a' done, by yonder sun, An thou hadst not come to my bed. ‘ (Hamlet IV, v. 63-71) This song reveals a lot about Ophelia and Hamlet’s relationship. Firstly, â€Å"Before you tumbled me,/ You promis'd me to wed† (Hamlet IV, v. 67-68) reveals that she asked that before he got her into bed, he would promise to marry her. This not only reveals that they have engaged in sexual relations, but it also means that he promised to marry her. He answered, however, â€Å"'So would I ‘a' done, by yonder sun,/ An thou hadst not come to my bed. ‘† (Hamlet IV, v. 70-71) This means that he would have married her, but only if she hadn’t slept with him. (Epstein, 2005) By manipulating Ophelia, Hamlet gets what he wants. Afterwards, Ophelia is left a broken woman with nowhere to go. Hamlet unfairly treats the mislead Ophelia after his promises of love by calling her a whore, when he says, â€Å"That’s a fair thought to lie between a maids’ legs† (Hamlet III, ii. 125) he also demands that she should â€Å"Get thee to a nunnery† (Hamlet. III, I, 131) which is referring her to a common day whorehouse. His mistreatment of Ophelia may have led to her suicide or her accidental death by drowning. It is almost ironic that Ophelia would have her life ended by water, for water is the source of life and sustenance. Unless Shakespeare was trying to represent that Ophelia was now purified by said water, and in death she could finally be happy. It would also be seen that Ophelia would give the violets to Hamlet as well. â€Å"I would give you some violets, but they wither'd all when my father/ died. They say he made a good end. † (Hamlet IV, v, 207-209) Violets represent faithfulness in relationships; (Stabler, 2000) it is likely that she is saying that when her father died, her faithfulness towards Hamlet was now non-existent. This kind of behaviour can be justified because Ophelia is put in a horrible situation. Her conflicting loyalties to her father, and her belief of love with the unapproved Hamlet tore her apart undoubtedly. Now, what kind of position could you put yourself in if your boyfriend killed your father? Respectively, Ophelia begins to sing of death because her world is shattered due to her loss, and her conflicting ideas would more than likely influence her losing her sanity. In conclusion, it can be seen that the archetypal meanings of Ophelia’s flowers can lead to the true meaning of hers and Hamlet’s relationship. Assuming that she wanted Hamlet to have the rosemary and violets, she presented the idea of remembrance of their love, but also the fact that she no longer wanted to be a part of it. This is a huge step for Ophelia because for once, she made her own decision and this would be the peak of her character development. Of course, this triumph over her personal issues is short lived, because soon after she commits suicide in a stream. This could symbolize her purification and release of any words of harm put against her. ? Works Cited Epstein, Alex. â€Å"By The Way, Ophelia Is Pregnant. † Craftyscreenwriting. com. Crafty Screenwriting, 2005. Web. 14 Jan. 2012. Shakespeare, William, Barbara A. Mowat, and Paul Werstine. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. New York: Washington Square, 2002. Print. Stabler, Sarah. â€Å"Hamlet; The Symbolism in Flowers. † Homewood City Schools Board of Education. HCSBE, 12 Dec. 2000. Web. 17 Jan. 2012.

The Spanish Conquistadors

From the moment of Christopher Columbus discovery of lands previously unknown to Europe in 1492, the New World captured the imagination of European adventurers. Thousands of men came to the New World to seek fortune, glory, and land. For two centuries, these men explored the New World, conquering any native people they came across in the name of the King of Spain (and the hope of gold). They came to be known as the conquistadors. Who were these men? Definition of Conquistador The word conquistador comes from Spanish and means he who conquers. The conquistadors were those men who took up arms to conquer, subjugate, and convert native populations in the New World. Who Were the Conquistadors? Conquistadors came from all over Europe. Some were German, Greek, Flemish, and so on, but most of them came from Spain, particularly southern and southwestern Spain. The conquistadors typically came from families ranging from the poor to the lower nobility. The very high-born rarely needed to set off in search of adventure. Conquistadors had to have some money to purchase the tools of their trade, such as weapons, armor, and horses. Many of them were veteran professional soldiers who had fought for Spain in other wars, like the reconquest of the Moors (1482-1492) or the Italian Wars (1494-1559). Pedro de Alvarado was a typical example. He was from the province of Extremadura in southwestern Spain and was the younger son of a minor noble family. He could not expect any inheritance, but his family had enough money to purchase good weapons and armor for him. He came to the New World in 1510 specifically to seek his fortune as a conquistador. Armies Although most of the conquistadors were professional soldiers, they werent necessarily well-organized. They were not a standing army in the sense that we think of it. In the New World, at least, they were more like mercenaries. They were free to join any expedition they wanted to and could theoretically leave at any time, although they tended to see things through. They were organized by units. Footmen, harquebusiers, cavalry, and so on served under trusted captains who were responsible to the expedition leader. Conquistador Expeditions Expeditions, such as Pizarros Inca campaign or the countless searches for the city of El Dorado, were expensive and privately financed (although the King still expected his 20 percent cut of any valuables discovered). Sometimes the conquistadors themselves chipped in funds for an expedition in the hopes that it would discover great wealth. Investors were also involved: wealthy men who would provision and equip an expedition expecting a share of the spoils if it discovered and looted a rich native kingdom. There was some bureaucracy involved, as well. A group of conquistadors could not just pick up their swords and head off into the jungle. They had to secure official written and signed permission from certain colonial officials first. Weapons and Armor Armor and weapons were crucially important for a conquistador. Footmen had heavy armor and swords made of fine Toledo steel if they could afford them. Crossbowmen had their crossbows, tricky weapons which they had to keep in good working order. The most common firearm at the time was the harquebus, a heavy, slow-to-load rifle. Most expeditions had at least a few harquebusiers along. In Mexico, most conquistadors eventually abandoned their heavy armor in favor of the lighter, padded protection the Mexicans used. Horsemen used lances and swords. Larger campaigns might have some artillerymen and cannons along, as well as shot and powder. Loot and the Encomienda System Some conquistadors claimed that they were attacking the New World natives to spread Christianity and save the natives from damnation. Many of the conquistadors were, indeed, religious men. However, the conquistadors were far more interested in gold and loot. The Aztecs and Inca Empires were rich in gold, silver, precious stones, and other things the Spanish found less valuable, like brilliant clothes made of bird feathers. Conquistadors who participated in any successful campaign were given shares based on many factors. The king and the expedition leader (like Hernan Cortes) each received 20 percent of all loot. After that, it was divided up among the men. Officers and horsemen got a larger cut than foot soldiers, as did crossbowmen, harquebusiers, and artillerymen. After the King, officers, and other soldiers had all gotten their cut, there was often not much left for the common soldiers. One prize which could be used to buy off conquistadors was the gift of an encomienda. An encomienda was land given to a conquistador, usually with natives already living there. The word encomienda comes from a Spanish verb meaning to entrust. In theory, the conquistador or colonial official receiving an encomienda had the duty of providing protection and religious instruction to the natives on his land. In return, the natives would work in mines, produce food or trade goods, and so on. In practice, it was little more than slavery. Abuses The historical record abounds in examples of conquistadors murdering and tormenting native populations, and these horrors are far too numerous to list here. Defender of the Indies Fray Bartolomà © de las Casas listed many of them in his Brief Account of the Devastation of the Indies. The native populations of many Caribbean islands, such as Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico, were essentially wiped out by a combination of conquistador abuses and European diseases. During the conquest of Mexico, Cortes ordered a massacre of Cholulan noblemen. Only months later, Cortes lieutenant Pedro De Alvarado would do the same thing in Tenochtitlan. There are countless accounts of Spaniards torturing and murdering natives to obtain the location of the gold. One common technique was to burn the soles of someones feet to get them to talk. One example was Emperor Cuauhtà ©moc of the Mexica, whose feet were burned by the Spanish to make him tell them where they could find more gold. Famous Conquistadors Famous conquistadors who have been remembered in history include Francisco Pizarro, Juan Pizarro, Hernando Pizarro, Diego de Almagro, Diego Velazquez de Cuellar, Vasco Nunez de Balboa, Juan Ponce de Leon, Panfilo de Narvaez, Lope de Aguirre, and Francisco de Orellana. Legacy At the time of the conquest, Spanish soldiers were among the finest in the world. Spanish veterans from dozens of Europeans battlefields flocked to the New World, bringing their weapons, experience, and tactics with them. Their deadly combination of greed, religious zeal, ruthlessness, and superior weaponry proved too much for native armies to handle, especially when combined with lethal European diseases, such as smallpox, which decimated native ranks. Conquistadors left their marks culturally as well. They destroyed temples, melted down golden works of art, and burned native books and codices. Defeated natives were usually enslaved via the encomienda system, which persisted long enough to leave a cultural imprint on Mexico and Peru. The gold the conquistadors sent back to Spain began a Golden Age of imperial expansion, art, architecture, and culture. Sources Diaz del Castillo, Bernal. The Conquest of New Spain. Penguin Classics, John M. Cohen (Translator), Paperback, Penguin Books, August 30, 1963.Hassig, Ross. Aztec Warfare: Imperial Expansion and Political Control. The Civilization of the American Indian Series, First Edition Edition, University of Oklahoma Press, September 15, 1995.Las Casas, Bartolomà © de. The Devastation of the Indies: A Brief Account. Herma Briffault (Translator), Bill Donovan (Introduction), 1st Edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, February 1, 1992.Levy, Buddy. Conquistador: Hernan Cortes, King Montezuma, and the Last Stand of the Aztecs. Paperback, 6/28/09 edition, Bantam, July 28, 2009.Thomas, Hugh. Conquest: Cortes, Montezuma, and the Fall of Old Mexico. Paperback, Reprint edition, Simon Schuster, April 7, 1995.

Stanley’s Choices in A Streetcar Named Desire

Stanley’s Choices in A Streetcar Named Desire The characters in A Streetcar Named Desire make a number of choices, and one of the most memorable is Stanley’s decision to rape Blanche. Stanley chooses to do this because he wants to regain power over her. Her criticism and lack of respect towards him cause him to feel inferior and to worry that his wife no longer respects his authority. Therefore, he uses his sexuality to demonstrate power over Blanche and readdress the balance. Of course, the power struggle between Stanley and Blanche, and his rape of her, represents the larger class conflict in 1940s New Orleans. Much of A Streetcar Named Desire is made up of a struggle between classes, and this power struggle is further shown when Stanley forces himself on Blanche. Stanley is of a lower social standing than Stella and Blanche, a fact that Blanche constantly reminds him about. Stanley has previously regained his power over higher classes by marrying Stella and keeping her in a socially lower position than him, because of her gender. It seems that he has used his sexuality to win the power struggle with Stella, and then he goes on to use the same tactic with Blanche. When she turns him down, he rapes her, in a violent and sordid attempt to reclaim the power that she has taken from him with both her social standing and her manner towards him. Clearly he had other choices. He could have chosen to speak to Blanche about his feelings and ask her to treat him with more respect. Alternatively, he could have chosen to ask her to leave his house. It is easy to see why Stanley dislikes Blanche. She is penniless and is depending on Stanley to keep her and let her live with him and his Stella in their modest apartment. She also seems to expect Stella to wait on her. Furthermore, Blanche treats Stanley with very little respect, due to his relatively low social standing. For example, she calls him â€Å"Polack†: â€Å"†¦I let the place go? Where were you! In bed with your – Polack!† (Williams 1.185). Blanche relies on this offensive name, and uses her archaic idea of social class to hold power over him. This is not the only factor that makes Blanche an unsympathetic character. She is living in a world from the past; she has dated ideas and values. Her sole dream is to meet an archetypal Southern gentleman, but she will never achieve this as society no longer works that way. Stanley, on the other hand, is more realistic, and he seems to enjoy pointing out her flaws. This is most likely the first level of h is response to the power struggle between them. Ironically, Stanley and Blanche are both living in the past. Stanley is steadfast on his opinions regarding the traditional gender roles, and Blanche holds on to her old fashioned ideals about conventional romance. Blanche occasionally compliments Stanley, for example when she flatters his ego: â€Å"Well, I never cared for wishy-washy people. That was why, when you walked in here last night, I said to myself — â€Å"My sister has a married man!†Ã¢â‚¬â€ Of course that was all that I could tell about you† (Williams 2.114). The two main characters compete for Stella’s care and attention, and this circumstance ensures a mutual hatred and battle between the two of them. Of course, their battle really represents the larger battle between the classes. Stanley’s lower social standing and his desire to be in charge are what leads to his raping Blanche. Stanley decision to rape Blanche comes from his need to control others, and especially women. From the beginning of the play, it is clear that Stanley wants to dominate his home and his wife. Stanley’s beliefs about gender roles are that men are accountable for bringing in money and food and women are responsible for caring for the home, cleaning, cooking, and taking care of men. He also insists that he has Stella’s absolute and unquestionable respect. It is hard for a contemporary audience to sympathize with Stanley; he is hostile, controlling and single-minded. Williams does not offer much information about Stanley’s past, so his actions in the play are the only knowledge the audience gathers. He likes routine, maintaining conventional gender roles, seeing his male friends, and keeping up a strong sexual relationship with Stella. Additionally, Stanley’s views of women is almost purely sexual. The play’s stage directions offer a description of him that shows this: â€Å"†¦Since earliest manhood the center of his life has been pleasure with women, the giving and taking of it He sizes women up with a glance, with sexual clarifications, crude images flashing into his mind and determining the way he smiles at them† (Williams 1.205). Blanche’s descent on the home badly shakes the status quo for Stanley. Blanche criticizes Stanley and he starts to worry that this might change Stella’s view of him as well. For example, in Scene Eight, Stella instructs him to tidy the table and to eat more politely. Stanley resents Stella’s unexpected display of power, and worries that she is imposing on his traditionally male role as the person in charge. Also, Stanley feels that Stella and Blanche look down on him. He says: â€Å"Pig—Polak—disgusting—vulgar—greasy!—them kind of words have been on your tongue and your sisters too much around here! What do you two think you are? A p air of queens?† (Williams 8.14). When Stanley becomes dissatisfied, he erupts in violent temper. The power struggle between Stanley and Blanche, and his rape of her, symbolizes the wider class conflict in 1940s New Orleans. Stanley is insecure and resentful that his wife and her sister are of a higher social standing than him. He has a number of choices about how to assert his boundaries with Blanche. He could have spoken to her about his feelings or, if he felt unable to do that, he could have spoken to Stella and asked for her help. However, Stanley lacks self-awareness and communication skills, so he uses the only tools available to him: sexuality and violence.