E-Business report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

E-Business report - Assignment Example As indicated by the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), the UK gaming industry recorded an exchange near 200m 2005 and is on a persistent tendency. These realities are ideal for the achievement of GameODrome. Being nave, GameODrome needs to contend with a few contenders and demonstrate to the customer that hitting an arrangement with them is simpler and progressively open. The approach of Internet has radically changed ways of life. E-Marketing is the most recent transformation in Internet which permits purchasing products while sitting at the advantage of one's home. Numerous organizations presently give their deals and administrations through web. One should know and comprehend different systems of E-showcasing and their job in advancing an organization. E-Marketing comprises of a few hypothetical models, which give an organization the devices to help the fundamental components of advertising, to be specific value, advancement, item and spot. The significant models are: Shipper Model: This model is normally utilized by dealers, affiliates, distributer and retailers of merchandise and enterprises. It incorporates 24x7 requesting and coordinated custom advertising (embellix, 2000). This would be the most proficient answer for GameODrome, as its primary structure. It gives lists which make it simple for the buyer to pick an item. Sale Model: This model imitates the customary 'offering' model. It executes the offering instruments by introducing merchandise and their worth on the web. For GameODrome, this model would not be a quick planned. Anyway once GameODrome builds up itself in the online business, it can utilize this model to make 'year-end deals' and permit lead firms to sell their merchandise. Maker Model: It is utilized by the makers legitimately to impart to the purchasers about their merchandise and enterprises. Partner Model: In this model an organization turns into an 'offshoot' of another organization to publicize itself or its items and requirements to pay certain sum for utilizing it. This model can function admirably as an optional model for GameODrome. Promoting Model: In this model, an organization utilizes another site to publicize with the utilization of flags. Membership Model: This model is commonly utilized by Online Libraries and Scientific Organizations, where certain sum must be paid as membership charges to see or download any substance offered (commissionjunction.com, nd). Coordinations Model: In this model an organization deals with the calculated exercises of another organization. It is helpful to associations that have a solid toehold and as of now produced adequate income. E-Business Implementation The execution of the

A 550-Mile Journey free essay sample

Remaining on the bluffs toward the apocalypse, the sun sparkling off dabs of freezing sea splash, I will end one excursion and start another. The Spanish seaside city of Finisterre is known as the apocalypse on account of the huge scope of ocean that loosens up from its rough shore. Finisterre, the apocalypse and the last goal on my Camino de Santiago. The Camino is an old journey from the outskirt of France to the Coast of Spain which I found out about in my Spanish class sophomore year. Considering the Camino planted a flash in my heart that has just developed with time. Each spending day carries me closer to the initiation of the 550-mile venture I will one day complete. Nothing would be more satisfying than bowing at the means of the incomparable Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. Bowing in wonder on the stone worn smooth from the stops of endless ages of pioneers, and gazing upward in surprise at its transcending effortlessness. We will compose a custom exposition test on A 550-Mile Journey or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The fulfillment that would originate from realizing I had arrived at the finish of the Camino would be overpowering. In spite of the envisioned gravity of this second, it isn't the consummation of the excursion that I am keen on. The Camino is popular for its transformative capacities and profound importance. I need to meet outsiders and go gaga for them, to become hopelessly enamored with the excellence of humanity that is so regularly corrupted by our feelings of dread of connecting. The explorers that walk the Camino have a special bond that unites them from varying backgrounds, all sides of the Earth. I need to walk the Camino to learn different people’s stories and to assemble remarkable associations with people I may never observe again. I won't walk the Camino to reestablish my confidence in God, however to develop in my confidence known to man, in people and our capacity to change each other’s lives. I need to start the Camino in St. Jean Pied de Port, France, with a shivering in my fingers and toes, with butterflies in my stomach and a grin all over. I need to stroll with a stone in my grasp that I will put underneath the monstrous cross at Cruz de Ferro, alongside the a large number of others that have been set there before mine. Remaining on the little heap of stone pivoted wishes, I’ll be recollecting an instructor who completely changed me. My seventh grade Geography educator, who supported my affection for experience and made me fully aware of the world. Realizing that I’ll have met my objectives and done right by him, I will leave with an a lot lighter heart and a progressively receptive outlook as I proceed with my excursion. I need to climb the incomparable Camino de Santiago to feel the surge of resurrection and fresh starts. For once in my life, I need to be one of the Chris McCandless’ of the world †intense and resolved to transform me. On my Camino, I won't fear venturing out into the world and relinquishing my concerns. I will tidy off my tensions and follow my energy decisively. I need to complete and feel changed by my excursion. Sometime in the not so distant future, I will be remaining in an air terminal with a ticket in my grasp, getting onto a plane to Europe. Sometime in the not so distant future, I will feel the virus fog of the sea at Finesterre, the fulfillment of bowing at Santiago de Compostela, and the stones at Cruz de Ferro moving underneath my boots. The tingling sensation in my feet at St. Jean Pied de Port will help me to remember my expectation of another life, and I will start my 550-mile venture with a solitary advance.

Schools in

School’s… in Today was the first day of academic year 2005-2006 at old Tech! (I dont know why that deserved an exclamation point. Probably because I dont have any problem sets due until next Friday.) My entry spent most of this afternoon and evening sitting around the lounge, eating pizza, watching DVDs, and generally bemoaning the fact that school has, in fact, begun. Some of the freshmen even started doing problem sets. Theyre so precious. The upperclassmen started a pool about when theyd start to put off the problem sets until the night before theyre due; the general consensus is that this behavior will begin at least by the two-day student holiday in October. To celebrate the years start (and because Im lazy), I took an informal survey of people sitting around the lounge to see what classes theyre most excited about taking this term. Mark Dog B. 07: 24.02, Moral Problems and the Good Life. Mark claims he wants to take this class to argue with feminists, which I do not doubt Mark may be a liberal from the OC, but that doesnt mean he doesnt like to argue. (Marks second choice for most exciting was his PE class, Archery, but I dont think that counts.) Adam Angry W. 07: 16.100, Aerodynamics. Although this class is going to be a time sink (Adam walked in tonight after class and said, See you guys in December), Adam is deliriously excited about it because he loves airplanes (possibly even more than he loves his poor forlorn girlfriend). Dave Less than Jake L. 07: 2.671, Measurement and Instrumentation, because theyre going to teach us how to use rulers. Joseph Jomar M. 06: 9.15, Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Synaptic Transmission (which prompted me to say, Youre taking 9.15? Me too! Yessss, pset buddy). Jomar just switched to Course 9 from Course 5, which in my humble opinion was a Very Good Choice. Jay Jay T. 08: 6.041, Probabilistic Systems Analysis. I am required to say here that Jay actually refused to give me a course that hes excited about, but I picked 6.041 because it was the only class I could remember that Jay was taking this term. But Im sure he should be excited about taking 6.041 I gave him Adams old textbook, so he didnt even have to pay for a book! Warren Woody H. 08: Unified*. Woody says he is excited about Unified, although I probably wont be in a few weeks. (Unified is a legendary class at MIT it takes up about as much time per week as a full-time job, and if you think Im messing with you I assure you, Im not.) Chris Dr. Glade Plug-In P. 09: 18.023, Calculus with Applications. Although I suspect he may be excited about 18.023 because he hasnt been there yet, Chris swears he hearts math and wants to be a math major. As he is an RSI alum, I am inclined to believe him. *Note: Most technical classes at MIT are referred to by their course numbers. Those that arent Unified, Junior Lab, Project Lab, Digital Death, etc are generally considered to be Very, Very, Hard/Time-Consuming/Impossible/All of the Above. (And yes, the capital letters were critical for emphasis in this case. Just make sure you read them in a very dramatic voice in your head.)

Global Privacy… Are You Being Watched Essay - 2328 Words

Global Privacy†¦ Are You Being Watched Introduction Privacy has grown to become an intensely complex and important human rights topic in the information age. The right to privacy underlines human dignity. One of the first privacy laws can be traced back hundreds of years, to 1361, when England enacted the Justice of the Peace Act, which allowed the arrest of eavesdroppers and peeping toms.1 About every country in the world explicitly recognizes a right of privacy in their constitution, allowing people to have a right to home communication secrecy and inviolability at the very least. Although the right to privacy is not explicitly documented in the United States’, Ireland’s or India’s Constitution, it†¦show more content†¦CAPS II is different than a new system that is in proposal. Fortunately, it seems that CAPPS II intrudes on personal privacy to a very nominal degree. It checks for relatively non-personal data, such as: if the passenger bought a one-way ticket or if the passenger paid by cash instead of credit card. The Transportation Security Administration, however, states that the system is outdated and easily deceived. They are currently proposing improvements to the system, which will check the passenger’s name and information against a database of private data mining companies that collect very personal inform ation from people for commercial reasons.2 If successful, various countries in Europe and Asia are likely to adopt a form of the new system. Almost any personal record, including shopping habits, credit card information, library book checkouts, and Internet page visits can be observed by the TSA’s proposed system. Practical and Ethical Issues of the New System A 747 carries almost four hundred people. If two percent of the people who are screened are not allowed to board their flights, eight people on every flight will have their tickets taken away. It’s simply ludicrous that the TSA believes that eight out of every four hundred people are likely to commit acts of violence a commercial airplaneShow MoreRelatedThe Debate Of Security Versus Privacy Essay1257 Words   |  6 Pagesthis, the public discovered that even if you re not doing anything wrong you re being watched and recorded. The presence of a watchful government wasn’t anything new but the means of surveillance was never fully disclosed by anyone. The biggest question raised by the public was â€Å"does our right to privacy still matter?†. The NSA claims to be doing this in order to protect the rights of citizens, not dissipate them. The debate of security versus privacy† has evolved into a choice between libertyRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 1122 Words   |  5 PagesPrivacy is an important issue, especially in the United States where the NSA looms over the internet, tracking your every move. Privacy is what allows you to maintain your own individualism, what makes you a person and especially your freedom. A growing debate concerning Orwell’s 1984 relevancy is quickly on the rise. Orwell’s fear of a totalitarian society led him to write this book as he lived during the totalitarian movement in Russia. The fear of a totalitarian society spreading sparked his fearRead MoreBeing Watched: Ethical Issues on Privacy in Life6627 Words   |  27 PagesTEP1281: ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT Being Watched: Ethical Issues on Privacy in Life TC203 Abzal Kalimbetov Aashini Shah Azmil Hakim Pramata Tausik Nur Dayana Ayuni Bt. Nur Rashidi Mohd Zuhaili Bin Mohd Suhaini 1092700423 1091103635 1101110738 1071118536 1101109183 1091105283 [This study investigates the ethical issues on privacy in life among students and lecturers at Multimedia University (MMU).] Being Watched: Ethical Issues on Privacy in Life TEP1281: ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCTRead MoreWhat s Your Privacy Worth You?812 Words   |  4 Pages What’s Your Privacy Worth to You? Maeson Hayes Mrs. Marlow English 2A 12/17/16 Recent scandals involving the NSA and reports about the government’s use of surveillance technology have called the current ethics of maintaining public security into question. These events have caused us to ask what our privacy is worth in an age of global terrorism. Orwell’s warning that totalitarian regimes’ reliance on surveillance and the invasion of privacy to restrict individual freedom and endanger citizensRead MoreThe Digital Panopticon: Foucault and Internet Privacy Essay example1314 Words   |  6 PagesThe Digital Panopticon: Foucault and Internet Privacy In 1977, Michel Foucault wrote in Discipline and Punish about the disciplinary mechanisms of constant and invisible surveillance in part through an analysis of Jeremy Benthams panopticon. The panopticon was envisioned as a circular prison, in the centre of which resided a guard tower. Along the circumference, individuals resided in cells that were visible to the guard tower but invisible to each other. Importantly, this guard tower was backlitRead More Privacy - Its Time to Control the Use of Electronic Surveillance1484 Words   |  6 PagesControl the Use of Electronic Surveillance      Ã‚  Ã‚   How would you feel if every move you make, every word you say, every number you dial on the telephone, could easily be accessed or monitored by just about anyone in the world? Well, chances are that you and me and many others are currently, or have been, victims of this infringement on privacy. With todays ever growing technology, there is little one can do to ensure privacy in normal, every day life. Even though many benefits have comeRead MoreMedia And Government Surveillance And Privacy Issues1271 Words   |  6 Pagesor everything, that you see. This opens fascinating possibilities – and alarming ones†. – The Economist, Nov. 16, 2013. Media and government surveillance and privacy issues With everybody having a smartphone, access to Internet everywhere and frequently using other technologies to communication, there is easier to record anything and everything you see and share it. In some ways this is a positive thing, but it could also have severe consequences in a bad way. Wherever you go there are securityRead MoreThe Importance Of Spy On Computers1445 Words   |  6 Pages Preliminary with last two alternately three decades, it’s been watched that in terrorist assault and other social impacts own nationals would include. Not best that as well as a few exercises which make political and socially impedance watched and in this movement citizens are included specifically or alternately. So, due to this government take a step ahead, spy their nationals covertly and throughout those operations it’s discovered that a few of the resident would includeRead MoreSupply Chain : An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle1054 Words   |  5 Pagessupply chain will incur is transportation. Every company must use some sort of transportation to move items from warehouses to stores to the customer. To help you understand you must first know what a supply chain is. A supply chain is a network between a company and the suppliers to produce and distribute a product. A supply chain is the steps you use to get your product or service to the customer. The steps required to get your product to the customer involves transportation. Technology is transformingRead MoreMass Surveillance and the Panopticon Analysis Essay1447 Words   |  6 Pagesmass surveillance. Originally derived from the measures to control â€Å"abnormal beings† against the spreading of a plague, the Panopticon is an architecture designed to induce power with a permanent sense of visibility. With a tower in the center, surrounded by cells, the prisoners can be monitored and watched at any given time from the central tower. The goal of this architectural plan was to strip away any privacy and therefore create fear induced self-regulation amongst the prisoners, with an

The Soviet Union During The Cold War - 999 Words

The emergence of the Cold War with the Soviet Union had far reaching impacts on American society, including hindering the pace of social reform in the United States. While some aspects of the Cold War may have helped promote certain social reforms, the net impact, deterred inevitable social reforms. Tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War induced a fear of communism in Americans that had numerous effects on American policies. McCarthyism, a period of controversial accusations on supposedly â€Å"communist† Americans, developed from the panic that communism would overcome the United States’ government, leading to loss of individual freedoms. In addition, social reform, especially the Civil Rights Movement, received inadequate attention as American leaders fixated on defeating communism and preventing it from contaminating the United States. Therefore, the United States’ preoccupation with containing communism throughout the Cold War Era hindered social reform domestically. As a result, social reform successes were limited primarily to those exhibiting visible political value by demonstrating the United States’ belief in equality and democracy to the rest of the world. Amidst the Cold War, the Soviet Union sought to propagate their authoritarian beliefs to democratic countries, frightening Americans who believed communist spies would infiltrate the U.S. government. This fear compelled various actions that would later be dubbed â€Å"McCarthyism†, aShow MoreRelatedThe Soviet Union During The Cold War1677 Words   |  7 PagesAfter World War II, the world was in a state of heightened suspicion that was lead by ideological differences. There were two main â€Å"superpowers† that shaped perceptions of the rest of the world. One was the United States, who had come out of the war fairly unscathed, which was due to little to no conflict directly on its soil, in addition to the possession of a tomic weapons and a strong navy and air force. The other major player was the Soviet Union, whose industry was recovered during the first fewRead MoreThe Soviet Union During The Cold War1702 Words   |  7 Pages history in the West abruptly shifted course. The communist regimes in Eastern Europe fell, severing these nations’ ties to the Soviet Union and sparking unprecedented political and economic reforms. Two years later, the Soviet Union itself disintegrated. The Cold War ended along with it, a sharply defined historical era stretching back to 1914. The end of the Cold War renewed the commitment to democracy and capitalism in the West, accelerated the existing movement toward unification in Europe, andRead MoreThe Soviet Union During The Cold War Essay2053 Words   |  9 PagesThe Zbigniew Brzezinski defined a Soviet victory as entailing â€Å"the submissive neutralization of both Western Europe (through the dismantling of NATO) and Japan, and the withdrawal of U.S. po litical military presence across the oceans. Moreover, victory was also defined as attaining the worldwide economic supremacy of communism over capitalism† . Part of this view is corroborated in the infamous Long Telegram by American diplomat George F. Kennan, which, among other things, claimed that the USSR wantedRead MoreThe Soviet Union During The Cold War1805 Words   |  8 PagesThe United States did not have a favorable relationship with the Soviet Union during the Cold War due to the Soviet’s desire to spread communism. In the midst of the ideological battle between the United States and the Soviets, U.S. sought attention to whole Southeast Asia due to the radical dispersion of Communism. North Vietnam formed an alliance with the Soviet Union, and China to unite the country into a communist regime. As an international peace keeper, the United States decided to fund theRead MoreThe Soviet Union During The Cold War1772 Words   |  8 PagesWhilst United States-So viet relations were central to post 1945, an understanding about other relations will give a fuller, wider understanding of the Cold War context. The 1950s crisis over Korea and Taiwan, the Vietnam War in the 1960s, and the conflict between Washington and Moscow all highlighted the central theme of power. Bi-polar conflicts were at the heart of the Cold War and global struggles complicated situations. The conflicts during the Cold War were underpinned by strategic, politicalRead MoreThe Second Red Scare During The Cold War With The Soviet Union1094 Words   |  5 PagesThe Second Red Scare started in the opening phases of the Cold War with the Soviet Union. The Second Red Scare refers to the anti-communist passion that affected American politics, culture and society in the 1940s and 1950s. Interpretations of the Second Red Scare have ranged between two poles: one emphasizing the threat posed to national security by the Communist Party, and the other emphasizing the threat to democracy posed by political repression. Americans historically have been fearful of â€Å"enemiesRead MoreRonald Reagan Prolonged The Cold War Essay1539 Words   |  7 Pagesfactor which played a part in ending the Cold War was the internal unrest of the Soviet Union. Also the ever changing system we know now as International Relations had a role in the conclusion of this time period. I will additionally argue the antithesis of the question and explain how Ronald Reagan prolonged the Cold War. Response: During the Second World War, USA and the Soviet Union came together against a common enemy. It was the immediate events after the War which lead to renewed tensions betweenRead MoreThe Movie Goldeneye 997 Words   |  4 Pagesstop terrorist from taking a Soviet Union satellite that can fire an electric magnetic pulse satellite (EMP) . The movie takes place from 1986 to 1995, all during the time of the cold war. Within the movie there are a few villains that are fighting against Bond, Alec Trevelyan formally MI6 special agent 006 and James Bond partner, Boris Grishenko an indepent hacker that works for the Janus group, and Soviet Union fighting against other countries during the cold war. The movie Goldeneye shows themesRead MoreCauses Of The Cold War1396 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War was a political, ideological and sometimes indirect military confrontation that took place after the Second World War between the two largest powers in the world: The United States and the Soviet Union. The conflict between these two great powers intensified without a real war on the ground. It was a silent war characterized by both powers in an arms race with the most lethal weapons without actually using these weapons. That is why that war was known as the Cold War. In this paper,Read MoreThe Cold War and Us Diplomacy1213 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War and the United States Diplomacy Name: Institution: The Cold War and the United States Diplomacy The Cold War was the state of military and political tension between Western countries, especially the United States, its NATO allies, and the communist nations, particularly the Soviet Union and other satellite states. The war began after World War II had got to an end. The Cold War was named so since it did not feature any

The arithmetic checks Free Essays

The arithmetic checks must be done for all leveling calculations When establishing the heights of new Tabs and other important points, only BBS and FSP should be taken and the rise and fall method should be used. The HIP method of calculation can be much quicker when a lot of intermediate sights have been taken and it is a good method to use when mapping or setting out where many readings are often taken room a single instrument position. A disadvantage of the HIP method is that the check on reduced levels calculated from IS can be lengthy and there is a tendency for it to be omitted. We will write a custom essay sample on The arithmetic checks or any similar topic only for you Order Now Precision of leveling As with all techniques used in engineering surveying it is important to estimate how accuracy of the measurements taken. An assessment of the quality of leveling can be made by calculating the enclosure for a line of levels. This is determined by comparing the reduced level of the closing bench mark with the level obtained for it by calculation from the staff readings. On construction sites ND other engineering projects, leveling is usually carried out over short distances and it can involve a lot of instrument positions. The allowable enclosure for a line of levels is given by: Allowable enclosure = ? ± m n Where, m is a constant and n is the number of instrument positions used. The value most often used for m is mm When the enclosure obtained from staff readings is compared to the allowable enclosure, if miniscule is greater than the allowable value the leveling is rejected and must be repeated. If the enclosure is less than the allowable value the leveling s accepted and the leveling is adjusted. The value of m depends on the site conditions. For example if the levels found are to be used for earth work excavations m might be mom. For setting out steel and concrete structures excavations m might be mm. In some cases m is specified in the contract documents. Specifications for leveling are also given in: BOSSES: building setting out and measurement ICE Design and Practice Guide: The management of setting out in construction BOSSES: Guide to accuracy in building Sources of error in leveling There are three main groups of errors that can occur when leveling. The most common errors fall into one of the following groups: 1. Errors in the equipment 2. Field or on-site errors 3. The effects of curvature and refraction on leveling Errors in the equipment Collimation error This can be a serious error in leveling if the sight lengths from one instrument position are not types of leveling all types of leveling, sight lengths should be kept equal, particularly back sights and fore sights and before using any level it is advisable to carry out a two-peg test to ensure the collimation error is within acceptable limits. Compensator not working For an automatic or digital level, the compensator is hacked by moving a foot screw slightly off level, by tapping the telescope gently or by pushing the compensator check lever to ensure that a reading remains constant. If any of the checks fail then the compensator is not working properly and needs to be repaired. Parallax This effect must be eliminated before staff readings are taken. Defects of the staff The base of the staff should be checked to see if it has become worn – if this is the case then the staff has a zero error. This does not affect height differences if the same staff is used for all the leveling, but introduces errors if two tiffs are being used for the same series of levels. When using multi-section staff, it is important to ensure that it is properly extended by examining the graduations on the other side of each section as it is extended. If any of the sections become loose the staff should be returned for repair. Tripod defects The stability of tripods should be checked before any fieldwork commences by testing to see if the tripod head is secure and that the base of each leg are secure. Field or on-site errors Staff not vertical As the staff is used to measure a vertical difference between the ground and the plane of collimation, failure to hold he staff vertical will give an incorrect readings. Since the staff is held vertical with the aid of a vertical bubble, this should be checked at frequent intervals and adjusted if necessary. Unstable ground When the instrument is set up on soft ground and bituminous surfaces on hot days, an effect that is often overlooked is that the tripod legs may sink into the ground or rise slightly when the reading is being taken. This then will alter the height of collimation and it is advisable to choose firm ground on which to set up the level and the tripod, and to ensure that the tripod is pushed ell into the ground. Handling the instrument and tripod As well as the vertical displacement, the plane of collimation of a level may be altered for any set-up if the tripod is held or leant against. When leveling, avoid contact with the tripod and only use the level by light contact. Instrument not level For automatic and digital levels this source of error is unusual, but for a tilting level in which the tilting screw has to be adjusted for each reading, this is a common mistake. The best procedure here is to ensure that the main bubble is centralized before and after the reading is taken. Reading and cooking errors Many mistakes can be made during the booking of staff readings taken with an automatic or tilting level, and the general rule is that staff readings must be carefully entered into the leveling table or field book immediately after reading. Weather conditions In strong winds, a level can become unusable because the line of sight is always moving and it is also difficult to hold the staff steady. For these reasons, it is not possible to take reliable readings under these conditions which should be avoided when leveling. And other hard surfaces to ensure that the base of the staff remains at the same eight in between a back sight and fore sight. When the tripod is set up in soft ground or on tarmac on hot days it may sink into the ground or rise slightly when readings are taken. This alters the height of collimation and causes errors. Try to set the level up on firm ground and always push the tripod legs well into the ground. The height of collimation may be altered if the tripod is held or pressed down Do not lean on the level, If the tripod is knocked it is necessary to re-level the instrument and repeat all the readings taken from that instrument position. Marking or recording the session of each change point on a long line of levels is advisable. If this is not done and the tripod is knocked all of the leveling will have to be repeated. Curvature and refraction Over long distances level and horizontal lines through an instrument will diverge because level lines follow the curvature of the Earth. This is a possible source of error in leveling since all readings are taken along horizontal lines instead of level lines. The difference between a horizontal and level line is know as curvature and is given by c = 0. 0785 DO Where, c = curvature in meters, D = sighting distance in km The correction for length of sight of mom is less than 1 mm. This correction is ignored for most leveling. The effect of refraction of the line of sight is to bend it towards the Earth. This is also ignored in most leveling. Whatever sight lengths are used, the effects of curvature and refraction will cancel if the sight lengths are equal. How to Reduce the Chance of Errors Occurring Leveling should always start and finish at bench marks so that enclosures can be detected. When only one bench mark is available, leveling lines must be run in loops starting and finishing at the name bench mark Where possible, all sights lengths should be below 50 m. The staff must be held vertically by suitable use of a circular bubble or by rocking the staff and noting the minimum reading. BBS and FSP lengths should be kept equal for each instrument position. For engineering applications, many intermediate sights may be taken from each set- up – under these circumstances it is important that the level has no more than a small collimation error. For automatic and tilting levels, staff readings should be booked immediately after they are observed. Use a digital level where possible as it sakes staff readings automatically The rise and fall method of reduction should be used when weighting reference or control points and the HIP method should be used when setting out. Other leveling methods Inverted leveling This is a leveling technique that is used to obtain the heights of points above the line of sight such as ceilings and undersides of bridges. To obtain these, the staff is held upside down in an inverted position with its base on the elevated points. An inverted staff reading is booked in a level table procedure is followed taking into account the minus sign. Never use an inverted staff eating as a change point because it is difficult to keep the staff in the same place for more than one reading. Exam Question: Supplement 2006 SQ A client has asked for an as-constructed drawing of a recently built industrial building. As part of the survey the following series of levels are taken. Prepare a report for the client showing the reduced levels of the manhole inverts and the calculated gradients on the sewer lines, and the soft levels on the building gutters. Example 2 Lets repeat the reduced levels part of the previous exam question assuming we were asked to use the rise and fall method instead How to cite The arithmetic checks, Papers

Motivational Theories Essays - Educational Psychology, Motivation

Educational Motivational Theories EDU 615 Ashford University Dennis Lawerance August 22, 2011 Motivational in the academic context sometimes is the difference between successful and unsuccessful completion of educational goals for students. According to a definition presented by Wikipedia, motivation is a driving force by which humans achieve their goals. It can be either intrinsic or extrinsic. (Wikipedia, 2011) More often than not educators find that one student who has the talent and intelligence but just doesn?t seem to be motivated in standing and achieving the mark that has been set for them. This study of this is considered to be situational motivation in which educational goals are achieved in an optimal setting where learners are in an environment created by educators. Various studies have been contributed to motivation in the sociocultural and the educational context. Skinner, Piaget, and Wiener have presented theories that have been deemed motivational. B.F. Skinner, a behavior theorist, presented a theory that cognitive and behavior are not influenced by the environment in which they are incorporated. The ideology behind the behavioral theorist is that classroom environments have to be set up in a manner where students can get a specific instructional context and students are rewarded for mastering learning objectives. There are three basic assumptions to this theory: 1. learning is manifested by a change in behavior. 2. the environment shapes behavior. 3. the principles of contiguity (how close in time two events must be for a bond to be formed) and reinforcement (any means of increasing the likelihood that an event will be repeated) are central to explaining the learning process. In his model Skinner has two conditioning standards which are classical and operant. Classical conditioning is a reflex response whereas operant is reinforced behavior predicated on reward or punishment. (Wikipedia, 2011) Jean Piaget, made a clear distinction from motivation and learning in the 1970?s. His theoretical framework focused on individuals, with a clear distinction between learning and motivation. This was known as cognitive theories of motivation which include social cognitive theories (e.g., self-efficacy and self-regulation) and intrinsic motivation theories (e.g., self-determination, expectancy theory, and personal interest). It simply stated that social context was relevant to the learning of individuals. The ideology of making a motivational contextual classroom environment is the study that makes for a more developed learner. His conceptual theory was adaptation. (Wikipedia, 2011) Wiener?s theory of attribution is educational motivation where failure or success depends of three characteristics: 1.Cause of success or failure may be internal or external. 2.Success or failure may be either stable or unstable 3.Success or failure can be controllable or uncontrollable. One of the basic assumptions to this theory is that people will interpret their environment in a way that is positively viewed by others. In essence, Weiner?s theory is predicated on the fact that students can take academic success as a positive for themselves. Yet if there is not a successful academic pursuit then it is blamed on something else like bad teaching or bad luck. It formulates the belief that one can transform with effort on their academic pursuits. `` Each of the theories have a common factor in that they attempt to make real sense of the problems that teachers and students may have when dealing with motivation. Piaget states that environment alone in the classroom can help motivate students. All that is needed is an equipped teacher who knows classroom design and students. The problem with Piaget?s theory is that environments can often change, one moment it is stable , the other, unstable, environment is not the only obstacle for students when dealing with education. In each educational environment, problems solving should accompany classroom environments. It is often the obstacles in life that are conflicts for students when out of the classroom environment. Unstable home environment, social conflicts, and general student problems contribute to additional stress. No matter how good an educator is or the environment in which they teach, if the needs of the students are not being met all around then there will likely be a flow bac k into the classroom. Weiner?s attribution theory is based on three characteristics that are founded on belief in one?s success only if there is success but failure it attributed to outside forces other than the individual. When dealing with